Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodifference that affects both children and adults. It is characterised by traits of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that can impact daily life. ADHD is a complex neurodifference that can present differently in each individual, making diagnosis and treatment challenging.
The exact causes of ADHD are not fully understood, but research suggests that a combination of genetic and environmental factors may contribute to its development. While ADHD is often diagnosed in childhood, it can also persist into adulthood and may go undiagnosed in many individuals. The impact of ADHD on academic, social, and professional life can be significant, highlighting the need for early identification and appropriate support.
What is ADHD?
ADHD is a neurodifference that affects an estimated 5-10% of children and 3-4% of adults worldwide. It is characterised by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with daily functioning.
Research suggests that males are more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD than females, although some studies suggest that this may be due to differences in how the ADHD is presented rather than actual prevalence rates.
It is important to note that many individuals with ADHD possess a unique range of strengths and talents.
“I find it hard to concentrate for long periods of time, so I try not to schedule meetings close together, because I know I won’t be able to focus. When I’m stressed, I become easily distracted. Then I worry that other people are noticing my stress and that adds to the pressure. So now, I’ve started using mindfulness techniques to help me recognise some of the triggers for my distraction. It helps me to concentrate on the job in hand.”
- Shirley,
Recruitment Officer
Common Strengths Associated with ADHD
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Individuals with ADHD can often hyperfocus on tasks that interest them, allowing them to complete them with great attention to detail and efficiency.
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ADHD can lead to a more divergent way of thinking, which can result in increased creativity and innovation.
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Due to their tendency to be easily distracted, individuals with ADHD often develop strong adaptability skills, enabling them to switch between tasks quickly and efficiently.
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Individuals with ADHD can often have a heightened sense of intuition, allowing them to pick up on subtle cues and make connections that others might miss.
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Individuals with ADHD can be more willing to take risks, which can lead to greater success in certain fields, such as entrepreneurship.
It is important to note that these strengths are not universal among individuals with ADHD and can vary greatly depending on the individual.
Common Traits Associated with ADHD
The most common traits of ADHD can be divided into two categories: inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity. Traits of inattention may include challenges sustaining attention, forgetfulness, and being easily distracted. Traits of hyperactivity-impulsivity may include fidgeting, restlessness, interrupting others, and challenges waiting for one's turn.
Many people with ADHD possess unique skills. These skills vary from person to person, but commonly include the ability to hyperfocus, being adaptive in different situations, having a great sense of humour and being enthusiastic.
Diagnosis of ADHD
ADHD is more commonly diagnosed in childhood, but can also be diagnosed in adulthood. The diagnosis of ADHD involves a comprehensive evaluation process that typically includes a clinical interview, rating scales, and behavioural observations.
Evaluation Process
The evaluation process for ADHD involves gathering information from multiple sources, including parents, teachers, and the individual being evaluated. The evaluation may also include a physical exam and medical history to rule out other medical conditions that may be causing symptoms similar to ADHD. A diagnosis of ADHD can be made by any appropriately qualified healthcare professional, therefore the evaluation process may be conducted by professionals such as a psychiatrist, nurse practitioner or paediatrician.
Diagnostic Criteria
To be diagnosed with ADHD, an individual must have persistent and impairing traits of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that are not consistent with their developmental level and interfere with their daily functioning.
The three subtypes of ADHD:
Inattentive Type
Hyperactive-Impulsive Type
Hybrid Type
To be diagnosed with ADHD, traits of hyperactivity, impulsivity and/or inattention should:
Meet the diagnostic criteria in DSM-5 or ICD-11
Cause at least moderate psychological, social, academic or occupational impairment
Be pervasive across two or more settings including social, familial, educational or occupational.
It is important to note that the diagnosis of ADHD is not based on a single trait or behaviour, but rather a pattern of behaviour that persists over time and across different settings. This behaviour must also be impairing and interfere with the individual's daily functioning.
Did You Know?
Children don’t just ‘grow out of’ ADHD
ADHD often goes undiagnosed until adulthood
ADHD can affect people in many different ways
Many famous people have ADHD
(for example, Emma Watson, Jamie Oliver, Ryan Gosling and Simone Biles)
Living with ADHD
Living with ADHD can present challenges, but by finding the right support and accommodations, individuals can thrive in personal and professional situations.
Managing Traits of ADHD
There are several strategies we can use to manage traits associated with ADHD. Ultimately, it is down to the individual’s decision on how they choose to manage their ADHD, but some common examples include:
Medication: Medication can be an effective way to manage traits such as impulsivity, hyperactivity, and inattention. It is important to work with a healthcare professional, for example your local GP, to find the right medication and dosage for you.
Routine: Establishing a routine can help you to stay organised and reduce stress. Creating a schedule for daily tasks and activities, and using reminders and alarms to stay on track can be helpful.
Exercise: Regular exercise can help reduce hyperactivity and improve focus. You can look at incorporating physical activity into your daily routine, such as going for a walk or doing yoga.
Healthy diet: A healthy and balanced diet can help improve brain function and reduce the prevalence of certain behaviours.
Support Networks
Building a support network can help individuals to feel understood and supported. Some ways you can build a support network include:
Therapy: Therapy can provide a safe space to discuss challenges and develop coping strategies. You can also work with a therapist who specialises in ADHD.
Support groups: Support groups can provide a sense of community and connection with others who have ADHD. You can look for local or online support groups to join.
Family and friends: Family or friends can offer emotional support and practical help. It may be beneficial to educate them about ADHD, so they can better understand your experiences.
ADHD in Adults
ADHD is often thought of as a childhood neurodifference, but it can also affect adults. In fact, it is estimated that 60% of children with ADHD will continue to experience symptoms into adulthood. It is important to note that traits do not ‘disappear,’ however as individuals grow into adolescence and beyond, they may often develop their own strategies to minimise their challenges.
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The traits of ADHD in adults can be similar to those in children, but they may manifest differently. Adults with ADHD may have challenges with organisation and time management, completing tasks, and with impulsivity.
Diagnosing ADHD in adults can be challenging, as the traits may be attributed to other conditions such as anxiety or depression. A thorough evaluation by a healthcare professional is necessary to make an accurate diagnosis.
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Treatment for ADHD in adults often involves a combination of medication and therapy. Medications such as stimulants and non-stimulants can help to improve focus and reduce impulsivity, and therapy can help individuals to develop coping strategies and improve their organisational and time management skills.
Lifestyle changes may also be helpful in managing certain traits of ADHD. Regular exercise, a healthy diet, and good sleep habits can all contribute to improved focus and mood.
Whilst ADHD can be challenging to manage, with the right support, individuals with ADHD can have a successful career and fulfilling life.
Download our ADHD Information Sheet:
This information sheet has been created by our team of expert psychologists, and provides information about ADHD, common challenges, and suggestions of the support available.
How Can Lexxic Help?
At Lexxic, we have a range of diagnostic tools to help assess your needs, or the needs of your employees.
Our team of highly qualified psychologists provide support and advice for adults in the workplace. We work with you from the point of diagnosis, through to identifying what you need to get the best long-term outcomes.
We can help you to better understand your strengths and challenges, know your learning style, and give you training for specific skills.
Get in touch if you would like to chat with one of our team, or find out more about the services we can provide.
